project over.

Yes. deymn projects. deymn. lol :)). i hate doing all projects at the same time. it gives me shit pressure. i suupeerr. hate it when projects are given all at once!! then gives it just a week or sometimes 3 days before the final examination. well. >.> what can i do? yeah. im the student. your the teacher. i have to do it. thats a rule. uuuuhhhh?? what is it for? i need to submit those just to be "graded". lol. :DD i almost consumed my whole day for those silly projects. haha. so please. no one should take this seriously. :* its my freedom to write what i feel. well whats wrong with me. i keep on complaining... im already done. lol.   

 

pinayhustlah is just freakin happy because her projects are done. hope that those things that she did will be appreciated.  ^_-   

Lipids

When we hear lipids what suddenly comes into our minds?

           Fats.. Fats.. Fats.. Yes.. Lipids are fats. Lipids are included in the group organic compounds, nonpolar organic solvents and general insolubility in water but soluble in alcohol.

          Just so you know there are two groups of lipids: complex and simple lipids.

          Complex lipids contain fatty acids and are also saponifiable – can be hydrolyzed by OH-. Complex lipids are divided into four groups: waxes, acylglycerols, phosphoglycerides, and sphingolipids. Waxes refer to the mixture of long-chain water-insoluble lipids.  It forms protective coating for plant leaves, fruits and animals. Acylglycerols are the neutral fats and is the most abundant of all the lipids. Phosphoglycerides also known as phospholipids are the main constituents of cell membranes. Sphingolipids is also a component of all cell membranes.

           Unlike complex lipids, simple lipids do not contain fatty acids and is nonsaponifiable. There are 3 groups of simple lipids: terpenes, steroids, and prostaglandin. Terpenes are produced by conifers. Examples of these are Vitamins A, E, and K. Steroids serve as sex hormones and are a component of cell membrane. Prostaglandis are mediators and are derived from fatty acids.

           This was a bit though lesson for me because our teacher explained this lesson in just a short period of time. Concept maps would be a great help to discuss this lesson easily. ^_-

Mitosis (Cell Division)

This was the most boring biology lesson for me back when I was second year high school because.. yeah.. it wasn't explained clearly and well. It became an easy topic because my teacher sir Greg gives a simple explanation about it. It is really good to use power point presentations for this kind of lessons because you can present images as well as illustrations at the same time and explain it. 

 Let me start this by defining Mitosis, Mitosis is a process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell. The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.

There are 5 stages of mitosis: interphase, prophase metaphase, anaphase and telophase.  

First, the interphase, in this period the nuclear membrane is still intact to protect the DNA molecules and the chromosomes are still coiled. Prophase then comes next, this phase includes the chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense, the nucleolus disappears, and centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell. In the metaphase stage, the miotic spindle apparatus has now formed and lies on the opposite poles of the nucleus, the chromosomes are lined up in the cells equatorial plate and are also attached to the spindle fibres. After the metaphase is the anaphase, in which the paired chromosomes are being pulled and moved along the opposite poles of the cells. Lastly, telophase, wherein the chromosomes have finished their migration to the poles and forms two daughter cells, chromosomes become as they are in the interphase and the nuclear membrane forms again.

Tissues

As we all know cells group together in the body to form tissues - a collection of similar cells that group together to perform a specialized function.  

There are 4 primary tissue types in the human body: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nerve tissue.

 Epithelial tissue are the ones who covers and lines many parts found in the body and the body itself. Epithelial tissue is classified by their shape and arrangement. The cells can be squamous (scale like or flat), cuboidal (cubed-shaped), columnar (column like), andtransitional (stretchy and variably shaped. If the cells are arranged in single layer it is classified as simple. If the cells are arranged in several layers we classify them as stratified.

Connective tissues are found in organs, bones, nerves, membranes, and skin. Its job is to hold things together to provide structure and support. Connective tissues have 3 characteristics, areolar tissue which is composing of delicate webs of loosely connected tissues, adipose tissues are more densely flatted and form cord like structures, and dense connective tissueare densely packed and forms barriers.

Muscle tissue provides the means of movement by and in the body. There are 3 different characteristic of muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle or sometimes called striated is attached to the bones and causes movement. Cardiac muscles or considered as involuntary muscles are found in the walls of the heart. Lastly, smooth muscles or visceral tissues form the walls of the hollow organs such as our digestive system.

Nervous tissues act as a rapid messenger service for the body. There are 2 types of nerve cells. Glia cells function as support by helping the hold the neurons in place. Neurons are the conductors of information.

            This discussion would have been better if our teacher used pictures and images. I liked the way he discussed this topic by the use of charts which makes it easier for us to appreciate the topic. Over all, it was interesting and educated. :)

Parts of The Cell

There are 3 parts different parts of a cell namely nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm. To understand them better, our teacher made us look at cells as a miniature city. 

Cell membrane or some other people call it selectively permeable membrane acts as a protective covering of the cell. It is also responsible for allowing materials in and out if the cell. We can think of it as the city limits.

Nucleus is described as the brain of the cell. It dictates the activities of the organelles in the cell.  We can consider it as to be the City Hall; a control center.        

Cytoplasm is a special environment that contains organelles of the cell in order to survive. Ribosomes are made of RNA and assist the production of enzymes and other proteins that are needed for cell repair and reproduction. It is considered as the building material suppliers for modelling and repair. Centrosomes are considered as the building contractors that builds new structures needed to replace old ones. Mitochondrion acts as a power plant to provide body’s energy needs for cellular repair and reproduction.  Endoplastic Reticulum is a series of channels set up in the cytoplasm it serves as the main structure for travel is a road system. Golgi apparatus receives the proteins and further process and stores it as shippable product. Lysosomes are the ones that take care of cleaning up intercellular debris and other waste.

I have learned this through my teacher’s good ways of teaching. He showed pictures and images of the cell and made an activity which I really liked. He explained it in a way that anyone could understand it. He always ensures that everyone in his class would love to participate in the discussion.  ^_-

Anatomy and Physiology

What comes to your mind when we say anatomy and physiology?

Bones, structure, functions, examination of human body, and so many more. 

Well as i listen to my teacher i found out the answers.

In general, Anatomy is the study of internal and external structure of not only human body but also plants and animals. To truly understand how something works it is important to know how it is put together. Anatomy is from the Greek language which means to “cut apart” which is exactly you must do to see how a thing is put together. 

Anatomy is subdivided into two, microscopic and macroscopic or sometimes called gross anatomy. Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures that can be seen and examined only by magnification or through microscope like cytology and histology. While gross or macroscopic anatomy represents the study of structure visible to naked eye. An example of this is viewing an x-ray of the leg to determine the type and location of broken bone.

The study of the function and vital process of structures making up the body is what we call Physiology. It is the study of how an anatomical structure such as a cell or bone actually functions. It deals with vial process of life and is more complex. 

Therefore, it does makes sense to combine these two sciences into anatomy and physiology to form the foundation for all medical practice.  :) I can explain this subject by telling examples so that people can easily understand the topic. There is nothing i can suggest because my teacher explained it well. ^_-